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Bauds ^ Laxdaela Saga § 21. Reproduction Date: Gunnhild konungamóðir (mother of kings) or Gunnhild Gormsdóttir[1] (c. 910  –  c. 980) is a character who appears in the Icelandic Sagas, according to which she was the wife of Eric Bloodaxe (king of Norway 930–34, 'King' of Orkney c. 937–54, and king of Jórvík 948–49 and 952–54). [42], Gunnhild returned to Norway in triumph when her remaining sons killed King Haakon at the Battle of Fitjar in 961. [63], Gunnhild was a villain in Robert Leighton's 1934 novel Olaf the Glorious,[64] a fictionalized biography of Olaf Tryggvason. Haakon Sigurdsson. ^ Laxdaela Saga § 19. Christina of Saxony*^ (1481–1513) Fairhair dynasty The two wizards demanded sexual favors from her, so she induced Erik, who was returning from an expedition to Bjarmaland, to kill them. Ragna Nikolasdatter (114?–1157) Ordower, Henry. Gunnhild, Mother of Kings Comparative Literature, Vol. Ingebjørg Guttormsdatter (1103–1123) Illustration by Krohg. Margrete Skulesdatter (1225–1263) ^ Jones 123–24. Mormaers of Caithness Birsay Battle between Gunnhild's sons and the army of Haakon. According to the "Saga of Haakon the Good", it was King. [25] Downham, however, regards Erik the king of Jorvik as a distinct individual from Erik Bloodaxe, and thus views Gunnhild's sojourn in Orkney and Jorvik as the construct of later saga-writers who conflated different characters between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Many of the details of her life are disputed, including her parentage. [7] However, both Theodoricus monachus and the Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum report that when Gunnhild was at the court of Harald Bluetooth after Erik's death, the Danish king offered marriage to her; if valid, these accounts call into question the identification of Gunnhild as Harald's sister, but their most recent editors follow Jones in viewing their accounts of Gunnhild's origins as unreliable. Based upon the belief of her royal personage, King Frederick VI commanded an elaborate sarcophagus be carved to hold her body. MacLeod Gunnhild also arranged her daughter's marriage to the strategically important Earl of Orkney, displaying her awareness for political advantage. [59], In 1835, the body of a murdered or ritually sacrificed woman, the so-called Haraldskær Woman, was unearthed in a bog in Jutland. First attracting her attention and dislike at a feast when he became overly drunk and foolishly killed one of her supporters and after which escaped, Gunnhild placed a curse on Egil, "from ever finding peace in Iceland until she had seen him." Gunnhild became increasingly politically active in her own right after her husband, Eirík, died in battle, after which she later returned to Norway where she put her sons in power, and her son Harald on the throne. Anne Sophie Reventlow* (1721–1730) Season 6 Personality. Gunnhild, Mother of Kings (Q270541) From Wikidata. [8] Accounts of her early life vary between sources. Sophia of Nassau^ (1872–1905)          Sexual Content ^ Tor Books, 2003 Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow* (1572–1588) In the sagas, Gunnhild is most often depicted in a negative light; she is described by Jenny Jochens as known for her "power and cruelty, admired for her beauty and generosity, and feared for her magic, cunning, sexual insatiability, and her goading." Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002. "Njals Saga and the Western Literary Tradition. Orkney Dál Riata [22] Taking with them all that they could, they set sail for Orkney, where they exacted tribute from the new jarl, Thorfinn Skullsplitter. She spent much of the rest of her life in exile in Orkney, Jorvik and Denmark. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization. [36] As King Harald was involved in a war against Haakon's Norway, he may have sought to use Gunnhild's sons as his proxies against the Norwegian king. Brunanburh [52], Haakon Sigurdsson, jarl of Hlaðir, arranged the death of Harald Greyhide around 971 with the connivance of Harald Bluetooth, who had invited his foster-son to Denmark to be invested with new Danish fiefs. [22] Taking with them all that they could, they set sail for Orkney, where they exacted tribute from the new jarl, Thorfinn Skullsplitter. ^ Jochens 71. Manx runestones Gunnhild and Erik are said to have had the following children: Gamle, the oldest; then Guthorm, Harald, Ragnfrod, Ragnhild, Erling, Gudrod, and Sigurd Sleva. Rikissa Birgersdotter (1251–1257) Orkneyinga saga characters Haraldskær Woman in a glass covered coffin. On the same expedition he obtained Gunnhild, the daughter of Ozur Toti, and brought her home with him. ^ He did so despite being pestered by the noise of a bird, which he believed was Gunnhild disguised with magic. ^ Saussaye 183. Wife of Eric Bloodaxe. Emma of Normandy* (1028–1035) Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland. Gunnhild is a strong, fierce and loyal shield-maiden, strong enough to hurt Bjorn on the battlefield. ^ Jones 121–24. [39] With her sons now ensconced as the lords of Norway, Gunnhild was from this time known as konungamóðir, or "Mother of Kings. Gyda Eiriksdottir Sigrid the Haughty*^ (1000–1014) Sonja Haraldsen (1991–present)          Political / Social. Egil was shipwrecked on a nearby shore and came before Erik, who sentenced him to death. Also as seen in Heimskringla, Eirík first made the acquaintance of Gunnhild when he was younger and off on a raid in northern Norway. Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow* (1699–1721) Civil war broke out between Jarl Haakon and the surviving sons of Erik and Gunnhild, but Haakon proved victorious and Gunnhild had to flee Norway once again, with her remaining sons Gudrod and Ragnfred. ^ Or, alternatively, Gunnhild Özurardóttir. Shetland ^ Olaf Tryggvason's Saga §§ 16–18. She spent much of the rest of her life in exile in Orkney, Jorvik and Denmark. Famine, possibly caused or exacerbated by these campaigns, plagued the reign of Harald. ^ a b Egil's Saga §§ 59–60. [15] Prior to the death of Harald Fairhair, Erik's popular half-brother Halfdan Haraldsson the Black died mysteriously, and Gunnhild was suspected of having "bribed a witch to give him a death-drink. Isabel Bruce (1293–1299) [43] According to Heimskringla Astrid's flight and its disastrous consequences were in response to Gunnhild having sent soldiers to kidnap or kill her infant son. Jochens, Jenny. History. Gunnhild, Mother of Kings (931–934) Gunnhild, known also as Gunnhild Gormsdóttir or Gunnhild konungamóðir (meaning ‘mother of kings’), is a character who is found in a number of Norse sagas. Statements. Hákon found great support among the Norwegian people, and therefore forced Eirík and Gunnhild to flee to England. Hákon found great support among the Norwegian people, and therefore forced Eirík and Gunnhild to flee to England. According to Heimskringla, it is stated that "through the sorcery of Gunnhildr a kitchen boy wheeled round, crying: 'Make room for the king's slayer!' This royal treatment of Haraldskær Woman’s remains explains the excellent state of conservation of the corpse; conversely, Tollund Man, a later discovery, was not properly conserved and most of the body has been lost, leaving only the head as original material in his display. [42], Among the kings slain (around 963) was Tryggve Olafsson whose widow Astrid Eriksdotter fled with her son Olaf Tryggvason to Sweden and then set out for the eastern Baltic. ^ This page was last modified on 19 April 2016, at 15:35. Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, Landgravine Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Fox, Denton. [46] Gunnhild engaged in public displays of affection with Hrut that were normally reserved for married couples, such as putting her arms around his neck in an embrace. A thirteenth-century letter from Edward I to Pope Boniface VIII identifies Erik as Scottish in origin. "Exploring the Literary Function of Law and Litigation in 'Njal's Saga.'". Margaret Fredkulla* (1101–1103) Dumfriesshire Hoard [56], Haakon Sigurdsson, jarl of Hlaðir, arranged the death of Harald Greyhide around 971 with the connivance of Harald Bluetooth, who had invited his foster-son to Denmark to be invested with new Danish fiefs. During that time Erik was acknowledged as "King of Orkney" by its de facto rulers, the jarls Arnkel and Erlend Turf-Einarsson. [6], Gwyn Jones in particular supported the identification of Gunnhild as the daughter of Gorm, and regarded the stories of her origins in Hålogaland in northern Norway and her tutelage by Finnish wizards as part of a general Icelandic hostility towards Gunnhild and Erik. Isabella of Austria*^ (1515–1523) Egil killed the pair when they confronted him, greatly increasing the Queen's thirst for revenge.[29]. The Ágrip and Theodoricus Monachus's Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium contain versions of this account. Radiochemical dating methods were not available until well into the twentieth century. [59], Other sources acting as examples of Gunnhild's sorcery include the story of King Hákon's death in Snorri's Heimskringla, as well as instances concerning Egil in Egil's Saga,and suspicion surrounding the death of Halfdan Haraldsson . Für andere Verwendungen dieses Namens siehe Gunhild . Language The sagas relate that Gunnhild lived during a time of great change and upheaval in Norway. While the historicity of such sources as the Landnámabók is disputed, the perception that Harald had exiled or driven out many of their ancestors led to an attitude among Icelanders generally hostile to Erik and Gunnhild. Who is Gunnhild? [61] This curse of Gunnhild's is presumably the cause for Egil's later desire to travel to England, which was where Gunnhild and Eirík were at the time after being exiled. [35], Sweden, Norway, Russia, Finland, Sami languages, Sweden, Faroe Islands, Danish language, European Union, Germany, Norway, Reykjavík, Sweden, Constituencies of Iceland, Christianity, Shetland, Scotland, Orkneyinga saga, Stromness, Kirkwall, United Kingdom, Angles, Cornwall, Isle of Man, English language, Amlaíb Cuarán, Fairhair dynasty, Old Norse, Norwegian language, Norway, Orkneyinga Saga, Hebrides, Sutherland, Tynwald, Isle of Man, Orkneyinga Saga, Tynwald, Etymology, Clan MacLeod, Gunnhild, Mother of Kings, Bergen, Copenhagen, Sweden, Trondheim, Norway, Lewis Chessmen, Tynwald, Etymology, Clan MacLeod, Lewis, Copper carving (1767) by O.H. [19] Gunnhild went with Erik to Jorvik when, at the invitation of Bishop Wulfstan, the erstwhile Norwegian king settled as client king over northern England. No, he died on 01/01/0970, 1051 years ago. List of Kings But Egil composed a drápa called "Höfuðlausn" in Erik's praise over a single night. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg* (1534–1559) [24], It is worth noting that some modern historians call into question the identification of the Erik who ruled over Jorvik with Erik Bloodaxe. Erik then took her to her father's house and announced his intent to marry Gunnhild. Treaty of 1098 On the basis of the Latin work, Historia Norvegi æ, most recent historians have concluded that Gunnhild was a daughter of the Danish king Gorm the Old. '". Scar boat burial Although she is treated in the sagas as a historical person, even her historicity is a matter of some debate. [27] However, during a sojourn in Norway around 930, Egil got into an inheritance dispute with certain members of Erik's court, during which he killed Bárðr of Atley, one of the king's retainers. In these Sagas, she … Although she is treated in the sagas as a historical person, even her historicity is a matter of some debate. Gunnhild was widely reputed to be a völva, or witch. Famine, possibly caused or exacerbated by these campaigns, plagued the reign of Harald. Dorothea of Brandenburg*^ (1450–1481) Is Harald Greycloak still alive? Gunnhild Gormsdóttir This article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone. Ounceland Lewis chessmen Cafe Society. and let fly the arrow into the group coming toward him and wounding the king." The Ágrip and Theodoricus Monachus's Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium contain versions of this account. Illustration by Krohg. Ashley 443–44. [57], According to the Jómsvíkinga saga, Gunnhild returned to Denmark around 977 but was killed at the orders of King Harald by being drowned in a bog. In Mother of Kings, Poul Anderson “brings to life the bloodthirsty Norse as they evolve into the looting, plundering Vikings of popular lore” (Publishers Weekly). ^ Njal's Saga §§ 5–8; Fox 289–310. () and Eric Bloodaxe was 50 years old when Harald born. [31], The last encounter between Egil and Gunnhild occurred around 948 in Jorvik. Gunnhild's Finnish sojourn is described by historian Marlene Ciklamini as a "fable" designed to set the stage for placing the blame for Eirik's misrule on his wife. photos and video. Isabel Bruce [62], Other sources acting as examples of Gunnhild's sorcery include the story of King Hákon's death in Snorri's Heimskringla, as well as instances concerning Egil in Egil's Saga,and suspicion surrounding the death of Halfdan Haraldsson . ^ Jones 122. Erik himself was the product of such a union between Harald and Ragnhild, a Danish princess from Jutland. ^ Jones 94–95. Barry ^ "Haraldskaer Woman: Bodies of the Bogs", Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America, 10 December 1997. A thirteenth-century letter from Edward I to Pope Boniface VIII identifies Erik as Scottish in origin. Many of the details of her life are disputed, including her parentage. So right now I’m in Singapore with my mum and brother to see some relatives and experience the Chinese New Year season in southeast asia (and spend some time with my dad who works over here right now). [66] In The Demon of Scattery[67] by Poul Anderson and Mildred Downey Broxon, the main characters, the Viking Halldor and the Irish ex-nun Brigit, become Gunnhild's paternal grandparents. Gunnhild revelled in her position when her son, Harald Greycloak, came into power, and she had much sway in the government of the country; it was at this point she was given the title Mother of Kings. His mother is Gunnhild Mother of Kings and his father is Eric Bloodaxe. [14] Egil's Saga mentions a son named Rögnvald, but it is not known whether he can be identified with one of those mentioned in Heimskringla, or even whether he was Gunnhild's son or Erik's by another woman. Bethóc, Prioress of Iona 910 births Gunnhild remained resilient to maintain power for the rest of her life, acting as Queen Regent to her son Harald, and continuing to be a major deciding factor and source for political advice. Heimskringla online Civil war broke out between Jarl Haakon and the surviving sons of Erik and Gunnhild, but Haakon proved victorious and Gunnhild had to flee Norway once again, with her remaining sons Gudrod and Ragnfred. Berg-Önundr gathered a company of men to capture Egil, but was killed in his attempt to do so. Later radiocarbon dating demonstrated that the Harakdskær Woman was not Gunnhild, but rather a woman who lived in the 6th century BCE. 980 deaths Tingwall [62], Carolyne Larrington takes an interesting look into the comparative amount of power Gunnhild held, as well as her overall role as queen within the Norwegian court. Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature, Vol. Christine of Denmark (1132–1133) Linton Chapel Malmfred of Kiev* (1116–1130) Listen to the audio pronunciation of Gunnhild Mother of Kings on pronouncekiwi. [50] When Hrut returned home, Gunnhild gave him many presents, but she cursed Hrut with priapism to ruin his marriage to Unn, daughter of Mord Fiddle; the two ultimately divorced. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Gunnhild also arranged her daughter's marriage to the strategically important Earl of Orkney, displaying her awareness for political advantage. [58] As stated in Heimskringla, Gunnhild convinced them to hide in the Finns' hut, and then spread the contents of a linen sack both inside and outside of the hut. Gunnhild and her sons. Gunnhild, Mother of Kings is a former featured article. [14] Egil's Saga mentions a son named Rögnvald, but it is not known whether he can be identified with one of those mentioned in Heimskringla, or even whether he was Gunnhild's son or Erik's by another woman. Hey Facebook gaming. Queen Gunnhild, also known as the mother of kings, was the wife of King Eirik Bloodaxe and mother to the Eirikssons, who are also called “the Gunnhildssons” (or sons of Gunnhild) after her. He did so despite being pestered by the noise of a bird, which he believed was Gunnhild disguised with magic. Rather, she was a military genius who supported her husband as a king and later her sons. 0 references. She is the central character of the novel Mother of Kings by Poul Anderson,[65] (which makes her a granddaughter of Rognvald Eysteinsson, accepts the version of her living with the Finnish warlocks and emphasizes her being a witch) and also appears in Cecelia Holland's The Soul Thief. Other notable men Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66) Kirkwall Castle Ragnhild would later, according to the Orkneyinga Saga, murder Arnfinn, marry his brother Havard, murder him in turn, and then marry their brother Ljot. ^ See, generally, Ashley 443; Jomsvikinga Saga §§ 4–8. Jones 94–95. Egil ended up requesting to receive forgiveness from Eirík and Gunnhild, and was allowed a single night to compose a tributary poem to Eirík, or else face death. Lords of Argyll Gunnhild acts as one of the most important partial exceptions to this rule, as she was influential during both Eirík's and her sons' rules. Naturally many battles for the throne ensued, which ultimately led to Gunnhild getting blamed for Hákon's death, when an arrow flew towards him in battle piercing into the muscle of his upper arm. ^ E.g., Harald Fairhair's Saga § 34; Njal's Saga §§ 5–8; Fox 289–310. ^ Haakon the Good's Saga § 26. human. image. Pictish Illustration by Krohg. 3, No. Old Norse GUNNHILD~mother of kings * I’m a variety streamer. ", Ordower, Henry. Because of the account of Gunnhild's murder contained in the Jomsviking Saga and other sources, the body was mistakenly identified as that of Gunnhild. On the same expedition he obtained Gunnhild, the daughter of Ozur Toti, and brought her home with him. "[16] Shortly thereafter, Harald died and Erik consolidated his power over the whole country. Wife of Eric Bloodaxe. Egil's Saga relates that "Eirik fought a great battle on the Northern Dvina in Bjarmaland, and was victorious as the poems about him record. [60] Marlene Ciklamini reasons that the unusualness of the mortal wound directs the origin to possible sorcery involved, presumably by Gunnhild. When Harald born she was 25 years old. "[40], In Denmark, Gunnhild's son Harald was fostered by the king himself, and her other sons were given properties and titles. Tyra of Denmark (998–1000) Gunhild of Wenden* ^ Forge Books, 2002. 910 – c. 980) is a quasi-historical figure who appears in the Icelandic Sagas, according to which she was the wife of Eric Bloodaxe (king of Norway 930–34, 'King' of Orkney c. 937–54, and king of Jórvík 948–49 and 952–54).

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